The Market Size of the Global Data Acquisition (DAQ) market is estimated to be USD 1.8 Billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5% to reach Market size of USD 2.2 Billion in 2024
- Definition / Scope
- Market Overview
- Key Metrics
- Market Risks
- Market Trends
- Industry Challenges
- Technology Trends
- Other Key Market Trends
- Market Size and Forecast
- Market Outlook
- Technology Roadmap
- Competitive Landscape
- Competitive Factors
- Key Market Players
- Strategic Conclusion
- References
Definition / Scope
Data Acquisition is a control system that is used to gather data from sensors and instruments located at remote sites and then transmit and display the data at a central site to monitor or monitor the systems.
They are also used for collecting and analysing the data in real-time. Data Acquisition system plays a crucial role in real-time decision making in the Industrial sector.
As Enterprises are moving towards a data-centric approach in production and operations In order to maintain a competitive edge while enabling the users to access data at any time, irrespective of the location, data acquisition systems have evolved from simple processing systems to the key to achieve complete shift towards automation.
Market Overview
Data Acquisition System Market, By Offering
Based on the offering, Data Acquisition Market is segmented into Hardware, Software and Services. Further the Hardware Segment is classified into External Chasis and Modules, Plug-in Analog I/O Board and the Software Segment is divided into Bundled and 3rd Party.
Of this the External Chasis & Modules offers high latitude of software compatibility and hence dominates the Hardware Segment and on the Software segment bundled software reigns supreme as it is integrated with OEM devices.
Data Acquisition System Market, By Component
The Data Acquisition (DAQ) market on the basis of components is classified into Human Machine Interface (HMI), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and Other Component,
Of this the Human Machine Interface is dominating the segment as they are applied in appliances, automotive, machine health monitoring, and industrial automation, among others. An HMI solution not only improves the productivity of the operator, but also provides insights into system control and maintenance and control.
Data Acquisition System Market, By Lifecycle Application
On the basis of Lifecycle Application, the Data Acquisition System Market is classified into R&D, Field and Manufacturing. Of this R&D dominates the segment.
Data Acquisition System Market, By Vertical
Based on the Vertical, the Data Acquisition Market is categorized into Automotive & Transportation, Aerospace & Defense, Energy & Power, Academic & Research, Environmental Monitoring, Food & Beverages and Healthcare. Of this the Automotive & Transportation leads the segment and is due to the advent of Autonomous driving, connectivity and electric mobility.
Market Risks
Mature Market in North America and Europe
over the years, the Data Acquisition market has developed to an extremely mature market due to the availability of advanced Data Acquisition products, which poses high barrier for new entrants.
The matured state of the Data Acquisition market in advanced economies such as North America and Europe is creating lower opportunities for newer entrants and affects the profitability of the Market players.
As the market is still growing but the rate of growth starts to decline which occurs simultaneously with other changes in the market, also creates difficulty with product differentiation and increases pressure on costs and profitability.
Fragmentation of the Market in Emerging Markets
The Data Acquisition market is fragmented in the emerging markets.
There exists a large number of local players in the market and they offer products to the local markets at a much lower price when compared to the organized international players.
The factors leading to the fragmentation of the Data Acquisition market are low level of innovation in products, no economies of scale and strong competition in the market.
A fragmented market will offer businesses with lower margins and expensive logistics. They also have no advantage of scale when dealing with suppliers or buyers.
Top Market Opportunities
Growth of Wireless Data Acquisition System
The Growth of Wireless Data Acquisition System in developing sensing and monitoring applications for both terrestrial and underground environment. The data acquired can be transmitted wirelessly even to remote locations for processing data and further analysis thereby enabling decision makers to adopt appropriate measures.
The increasing adoption of advanced wireless applications in the next decade will contribute significantly to the growth of the DAQ hardware and software market. Wireless data acquisition is a segment that has witnessed amazing growth in the past few years.
With Rapid technological advancements in the world of microcontrollers added to the big push of Internet of Things measurements applications, it has been made possible to offer the community low cost operations for wireless data acquisition that can also be programmed.
Rapidly increasing Demand for paperless Chart Recorders and Data Loggers
There is an increasing demand for paperless chart recorders and data loggers in several sectors including Automotive & Transportation, Aerospace & Defense, Energy & Power, Academic and Research, Environmental Monitoring, Healthcare, Food & Beverages and Others (Chemicals, electrical and electronics, water and wastewater) and are capturing a larger share of the market for recording devices.
Paperless Recorders and Data Loggers provide the data across multiple departments, thereby assisting in faster decision making and improving operations and reliability. Nowadays, Enterprises faces several challenges including:
- The need for reducing Total cost of Ownership of their assets;
- Improving Efficiency and Controlling Quality.
As these needs make the companies to deal with vast amount of information which aids in making informed decisions. To quickly generate information that is critical to user from a sea of data, recorders need to intelligent. This implies that they ought to have advanced information processing, communications capability and useful software.
Advent of Software-as-a-Service Model
The traditional approach to Data Acquisition has been wholly owned and on-site, requiring dedicated staff with heavy capital and operational Expenditure (OPEX). These costs cover security and firewalls, networking equipment, as well as physical computer servers and software.
However the on-site resources offer lesser flexibility and ties up the computing resources better used elsewhere. More importantly the on-site solutions need to be updated every 4 to 5 years.
To help customers meet operational and business needs, leading automation suppliers have developed Data Acquisition solutions for a hosted cloud environment as an SaaS solution. New cloud-based Data Acquisition systems represent the progression of software in the IIoT era.
Location functionality and cloud indicates that end users can move from a capital model to a predictable OPEX model. They can have Data Acquisition working within days.
The SaaS model makes Data Acquisition functionality available as a scalable, cloud-based service, wherein there is a reduction in the physical footprint, hardware, software and maintenance. It also reduces the cost of entry, enabling small enterprises bring cyber secure solutions with limited capital.
Operators are enabled to focus on processes instead of handling hardware and software updates, system upgrades, technology migrations and ongoing maintenance.
Market Trends
Adoption of Factory Automation
The rapid adoption of Factory Automation and Smart Manufacturing around the world is a major driving factor for Data Acquisition systems.
These include the tracking of multiple system parameters, including that of monitoring multitude of data sources while exchanging data in real-time which includes PLCs, databases, maintenance applications, and existing data acquisition systems in order to get greater visibility on the machine and floor operations.
Rising awareness among consumers
The rising awareness among consumers regarding the benefits offered by the Data Acquisition systems such as reduction of amount of flaws in the output, real-time detection of faults in machinery, decrease in the production cost, and various other benefits it offers to production processes is boosting the growth of the Data Acquisition (DAQ) market substantially.
The deployment of Data Acquisition system to reduce losses and increase productivity is also aiding the growth of the DAQ market.
Increasing Demand in Power Plants
The electrical power industry is boasting higher demand for Data Acquisition (DAQ) systems than other sectors due to the application of DAQ system in total grid automation projects across various geographical areas including China and India, which have invested on their infrastructure to reduce power distribution and transmission losses.
Apart from this the DAQ systems are applied to restore power post-outages, re-route power from excess capacity areas to areas approaching overload, collect historical information for trend analysis and reduce manual labour by relocating affected sections remotely is set to augur well for the demand of these systems in the power sector.
Availability of Open Source DAQ Software
Increasing availability of Open Source DAQ software is resulting in reduced DAQ costs is acting as a stimulating factor for the growth of the DAQ market.
The use of supervisory system and databases with free software offers a number of advantages when compared with proprietary software, thereby reducing the system cost and ensuring flexibility with the use of open-source protocols, such as MODBUS.
The open source Data Acquisition (DAQ) offers extremely good performance, sensitivity, reliability and easy programming.
Rising need to analyse real time data for control purposes
The need to monitor devices and control systems for control purpose is driving the adoption of Data Acquisition (DAQ) system market.
The data acquisition system improves the accuracy of the measurement system to improve the overall performance of the manufacturing system.
The systems reduce data redundancy by eliminating useless data, which will help manufacturing companies to make informed decisions. The system has built-in circuitry to perform signal conditioning, which will reduce the noise and boost weaker signals to make them more immune to the noise.
Data acquisition systems also help in reducing data entry, storage, and retrieval costs by centrally managing the collected data.
The data collected by the system is more secured as compared to traditional data collection methods through the integration of advanced network security applications.
Increasing Investments in the Infrastructure and Renewable Energy Sectors
Over the past seventy years, the use of Oil & fossil fuels has tremendously increased. With the rapid economic growth the consumption of fossil fuels among average citizens has increased.
Further industrialization has increased the exploitation of various other resources such as renewable energy.
Owing to the increasing awareness about data and energy management technologies, with the aid of Data Acquisition (DAQ) systems and their impact on increasing energy efficiency, energy companies have been installing them as a part of their process enhancement strategies.
High Implementation Cost
The higher implementation cost of Data Acquisition System is a major restraining factor for the growth of the market.
Data acquisition system market involves data systems, which are complex, difficult, and time-consuming and involve high costs to design the hardware and software.
A data acquisition system’s performance is solely dependent on the databases. The damage of databases will virtually affect all application programs.
The migration from traditional data collection system involves huge costs, which may resist the SMEs from the adoption of data acquisition systems.
Security Concerns
Many Enterprises use digital data loggers for storing sensitive information such as medical or confidential data, and which can be affected by computer security attacks or unintentional mishandling.
The Data Acquisition industry has come under increased scrutiny with regards to cyber security in recent years. In one well-known attack style, the traffic lights for an entire city can be altered by an attack on a Data Acquisition system.
With the Data Acquisition system connected to the internet there is an higher probability of attack and abuse. Attacks are presumed to be possible on systems that control water distribution, waste management and manufacturing. There is very little implementation of security mechanisms such as encryption and authentication.
The probability of cyberattack on Data Acquisition systems can completely harm an entire industrial segment such as public utility. The vulnerability to cyberattacks of the Data Acquisition systems can affect the uptake of Data Acquisition systems.
Software Compatibility issues
Front-end software solutions for the Data Acquisition systems encounter interoperability issues, While many software solutions have reasonable up-front costs, the inability to fully utilize a software solution may drive cost up dramatically.
Many of the Data Acquisition systems are offered with 8 to 20 channels and are almost without exception compatible with a particular software solution. The control systems and protocols designed were mostly a decade old and hence the compatibility issue arises. Also it costs way too much for upgrading the system to the latest version.
Legacy Data Acquisition systems are built to be platform-dependant meaning they can run only on a proprietary operating system, most often Microsoft devices that run different operating systems may not be compatible with the Data Acquisition systems.
The restrictions of these legacy systems limit who can have access to the system and where and also makes utilities vulnerable to upgrades, security issues and patches.
Industry Challenges
Lack of specialized skills
Lack of skilled personal and sufficient resources is one of the major factors affecting the growth of the Data Acquisition (DAQ) market. The potentials of using Data Acquisition systems is endless but are limited by the availability of technologies, tools and skills available for Data Acquisition.
There is an avid lack of skilled resources with analytics skills to make sense of DAQ. In DAQ, there is a need for analysts to nurture the skill of reading facts from figures, connecting them with the relevant decision-making process and finally taking a data-driven decision from a business perspective.
The shortage of such skill is affecting the growth of the industry.
Lack of Supporting Infrastructure
There is a pre-requisite for high computational power for Data Acquisition (DAQ) systems Data Acquisition (DAQ) is understood as a process of gathering, filtering and cleaning data before the data is stored in a data warehouse or any other storage solutions.
The acquisition of data is comprised of the four V’s, which includes Volume, Velocity, Variety and Value.
Most data acquisition scenarios assume high volume, high velocity, high variety but low-value data, making it pivotal to have adaptable and high efficient gathering, filtering and cleaning algorithms that allow only high-value fragments of data actually processed by the data warehouse analysis.
The requirement of high performing Data Acquisition lays emphasis on high computational power, which is not available, always even in this highly advanced computing society and hence affects the segment as a whole.
Technology Trends
Transition to PC-based DAQ
The most recent trends witnessed in the Data Acquisition market segment is due to the transition to PC-based DAQ which happened a few years ago. Earlier box equipment had processing built into them.
Presently, all the processing capabilities are handled by computers. Hence, the instruments are interfaced to a computer with analysis being performed by computer software. Therefore we see more of a software-defined DAQ and the emergence of USB-enabled DAQs
Better Interfacing options to sync with DAQ system requirements
The industry is transitioning towards a trend of having a combination of modular hardware and flexible software. These DAQ systems have appropriate signal conditioning and analogue-to-digital conversion (ADC), with various interfacing sensors supporting multiple DAQ requirements.
The plug-and-play signal conditioning systems improve accuracy and performance by simplifying sensor connectivity, removing noise and ensuring safety. Software-defined, modular instrumentation is gaining prominence as it offers flexibility, scalability and higher speeds.
Market Size and Forecast
North America
North America commands the largest market share in global Data Acquisition (DAQ) market, the reason being the growing adoption of relevant and related technology.
USA DAQ Market Size
- USD 360 Million – The estimated market size of the US DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.8% – The CAGR growth rate of the US DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 455.1 Million- The expected market size of the US DAQ Market in 2024
Canada DAQ Market Size
- USD 252 Million – The estimated market size of the Canadian DAQ Market in 2019
- 5% – The CAGR growth rate of the Canadian DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 321.62 Billion- The expected market size of the Canadian DAQ Market in 2024
Mexico DAQ Market Size
- USD 151.2 Million – The estimated market size of the Mexican DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.6% – The CAGR growth rate of the Mexican DAQ market size in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 189.33 Million- The expected market size of the Mexican DAQ Market in 2024
South America
South America are being targeted as new revenue pockets by market players as there is a sharp rise in power consumption in these countries.
Brazil DAQ Market Size
- USD 126 Million – The estimated market size of the Brazilian DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.9% – The CAGR growth rate of the Brazilian DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 160.05 Million- The expected market size of the Brazilian DAQ Market in 2024
Argentina DAQ Market Size
- USD 75.6 Million – The estimated market size of the Argentinian DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.8% – The CAGR growth rate of the Argentinian DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 95.57 Million- The expected market size of the Argentinian DAQ Market in 2024
Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific is the fastest growing market with increasing proliferation IIoT and adoption of digital technologies throughout the regions. With the need for higher volumes of data, critical industry verticals such as power & energy and aerospace & defense industries will require multi-channel data acquisitions and tighter synchronizations.
China DAQ Market Size
- USD 216 Million – The estimated market size of the Chinese DAQ Market in 2019
- 5.4% – The CAGR growth rate of the Chinese DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 280.97 Million- The expected market size of the Chinese DAQ Market in 2024
India DAQ Market Size
- USD 151.2 Million – The estimated market size of the Indian DAQ Market in 2019
- 5.5% – The CAGR growth rate of the Indian DAQ market size in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 197.61 Million- The expected market size of the Indian DAQ Market in 2024
Japan DAQ Market Size
- USD 181.44 Million – The estimated market size of the Japanese DAQ Market in 2019
- 5.3% – The CAGR growth rate of the Japanese DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 234.9 Million- The expected market size of the Japanese DAQ Market in 2024
Europe
Europe holds the second largest market share, the major factor for this rapid growth in these regions is increasing awareness among end users and rising demand for advanced wireless applications.
UK DAQ Market Size
- USD 270 Million – The estimated market size of the UK DAQ Market in 2019
- 5.2% – The CAGR growth rate of the UK DAQ market size in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 347.89 Million- The expected market size of the UK DAQ Market in 2024
Germany DAQ Market Size
- USD 189 Million – The estimated market size of the German DAQ Market in 2019
- 5.1% – The CAGR growth rate of the German DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 242.37 Million- The expected market size of the German DAQ Market in 2024
France DAQ Market Size
- USD 141.75 Million – The estimated market size of the French DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.8% – The CAGR growth rate of the French DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 179.20 Million- The expected market size of the French DAQ Market in 2024
Middle East and Africa
The Middle East and Africa (MEA) region is expected to show the substantial growth rate due to expanding manufacturing sector and rise in investments in automation of control and monitoring equipment in this region.
Saudi Arabia DAQ Market Size
- USD 92 Million – The estimated market size of the Saudi Arabian DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.8% – The CAGR growth rate of the Saudi Arabian DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 116.3 Million- The expected market size of the Saudi Arabian DAQ Market in 2024
UAE DAQ Market Size
- USD 73.6 Million – The estimated market size of the UAE DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.5% – The CAGR growth rate of the UAE DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 91.72 Million- The expected market size of the UAE DAQ Market in 2024
South Africa DAQ Market Size
- USD 94.7 Million – The estimated market size of the South African DAQ Market in 2019
- 4.6% – The CAGR growth rate of the South African DAQ market in the forecast period 2019 to 2024
- USD 118.58 Million- The expected market size of the South African DAQ Market in 2024
Market Outlook
The Market size of the Global Data Acquisition market is estimated to be USD 1.8 Billion in 2019 and is expected to reach a market size of USD 2.2 Billion in 2024 growing at a CAGR of 5% in the forecast period 2019 to 2024.
On the basis of Offering, the DAQ Market is segmented into Hardware, Software and Services. The Hardware segment is further classified into External Chassis and Module, Plug-in Analog I/O board. Of which the External Chasis & Module segment leads the segment with a market share of 72% garnering revenues of USD 594 Million in 2019.
Based on the Lifecycle Application the Data Acquisition market is classified into R&D, Field and Manufacturing, Of this the R&D segment holds the dominant position in terms of market share with 42% market share in the segment garnering market size of USD 756 Million in 2019.
On the basis of vertical, the Data Acquisition market is segmented into Automotive & Transportation, Aerospace & Defense, Energy & Power, Academic and Research, Environmental Monitoring, Healthcare, Food & Beverages and Others (Chemicals, electrical and electronics, water and wastewater), Of this the Automotive & Transportation held the largest market share among the verticals with 24% market share valued at a market size of USD 432 Million in 2019.
Among Regions, North America holds the largest share in the Data Acquisition market in 2019 holding a market size of USD 540 Million, the increasing number of automation activities in the automotive and transportation vertical is one of the major factor drives the growth of the market.
Technology Roadmap
Evolution of Improved Sensor Accuracy using Digital Multimeter technology
To protect the device, computer and operator from potentially hazardous electrical signals and for improving measurement accuracy many DAQ systems are equipped with digital isolators.
This is achieved by breaking ground-loops and rejecting error-causing common-mode voltages and other signal conditioning features such as amplifiers, filters and sensor-specific circuitry on new devices to further improve accuracy and simplify connectivity to common sensors.
Today the major expectation from DAQ systems is higher accuracy and minimal cost. To fulfill the expectation Digital Multimeter based systems have come up. Many systems use DMM systems as they are available at minimal cost and the accuracy are on par with the stand-alone Digital Multimeters.
Shift towards Integrated Signal Conditioning
There is an evolution in the architecture of integrated components, while that of the hardware has remained the same. High performing DAQ hardware with integrated signal conditioning have surfaced as next-generation solutions.
These solutions integrate DAQ and Signal conditioning on a single module to provide high-performance, high-channel count and reliable sensor measurements.
The solutions are built on industry-standard PXI platform, taking advantage of the superior synchronization and high-throughput PCI express bus.
Distribution Chain Analysis
The general trend for the value chain of the Data Acquisition market starts with R&D, which includes generating the appropriate prototype, process development, process regulatory approval, and system engineering.
The R&D phase and the manufacturing phase add maximum value to this market. Hence, these phases are considered to be the most essential ones in the value chain of the data recorder market.
The standard components and subsystems providers, special component suppliers, system integrators, and value-added resellers are the factors included in the value chain analysis. The marketing and sales phase consists of activities, such as geographic distribution of the product and penetration into emerging regions.
Competitive Landscape
The Data Acquisition Market is highly fragmented. The major Enterprises, which are operating in the segment are trying to eliminate the competition and improve their capabilities are investing in R&D and are also getting into strategic partnerships through Mergers & Acquisition.
Some Major developments in the market include:
February 2019: Advantech completed 80% Acquisition of Omron Nohgata. With this move Advantech is aiming to expand its embedded system market share in Japan and to enhance its localized manufacturing services segment. Advantech is further focusing on a strategic tie-up with Omron Nohgata for its IoT platform.
April 2018: ABB and Hewlett Packard Enterprises (HPE) formed a partnership to amalgamate ABB’s digital manufacturing system, ABB’s ability, with HPE’s IT solutions. The partnership aims to provide manufacturers with insights on significant amount of industrial data. The aim is to improve the efficiency and flexibility of manufacturing operations.
Competitive Factors
Research & Development (R&D) Activities
The company that focuses on research and development efforts on enhancing existing products and developing new products that incorporate appropriate features and functionality to be competitive with respect to technology and price/performance characteristics are set to gain competitive advantage in the market.
Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A)
Mergers and Acquisitions have been known to create value and maximises wealth creation. Mergers and Acquisition in the Data Acquisition Market is set to offer benefits such as Financial Synergy for lower cost of capital; Improving Company’s performance and improving efficiency; Economies of Scale; Diversification for higher growth products and to increase market share.
Key Market Players
Siemens AG (Germany)
Siemens AG offers a comprehensive product portfolio in data acquisition systems that enable customers to optimize entire value chains from product design and development to production and services.
With its advanced software solutions in particular, the company supports manufacturing companies with their transformation towards the digitization resulting in increased flexibility and efficiency of production processes and reduced time to market for new products.
ABB (Switzerland)
ABB Limited provides power and automation technologies. The Company operates under segments that include power products, power systems, automation products, process automation, and robotics.
Emerson Electric (USA)
Emerson Electric Co. designs and manufactures electronic and electrical equipment, software, systems, and services.
The Company offers its products for industrial, commercial, and consumer markets worldwide through its network power, process management, industrial automation, climate technologies, and commercial and residential solutions divisions.
Rockwell Automation (USA)
Rockwell Automation, Inc. produces industrial automation products. The Company offers products such as control systems, motor control devices, sensors, and industrial control panels. Rockwell Automation markets its products worldwide.
Schneider Electric (France)
Schneider Electric SE manufactures electrical power products. The Company offers car chargers, home security goods, light switches, access control, sensors, valves, circuit breakers, cables, accessories, signalling devices, fuse, motor starters, and voltage transformers. Schneider Electric serves customers worldwide.
HBM (USA)
HBM offers products for test and measurement including load cells, transducers, and strain gauges. HBM has 29 subsidiaries and sales offices worldwide and is exclusively represented in another 60 countries.
In addition to headquarters in Darmstadt (Germany), other HBM production and engineering facilities are located in Marlboro (USA), Champaign (USA), Suzhou (China) and Porto (Portugal).
Honeywell International (USA)
Honeywell International Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate company that produces commercial and consumer products, engineering services and aerospace systems.
The company operates four business units, known as Strategic Business Units – Honeywell Aerospace, Home and Building Technologies (HBT), Safety and Productivity Solutions (SPS), and Honeywell Performance Materials and Technologies.
Strategic Conclusion
The Global DAQ market is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 5% from USD 1.8 Billion in 2019 to USD 2.2 Billion in 2024.
The major challenges pricking the growth of the Global DAQ market includes Lack of specialized skills and Lack of Supporting Infrastructure
The growth of the market is restrained by factors such as High Implementation Cost, Security Concerns and Software Compatibility issues
The growth of the Global DAQ market is augmented by Drivers such as Adoption of Factory Automation, Rising awareness among consumers, Increasing Demand in Power Plants, Availability of Open Source DAQ Software, Rising need to analyse real time data for control purposes and Increasing Investments in the Infrastructure and Renewable Energy Sectors.
References
- https://www.tsxperts.com/wireless-data-acquisition/
- http://nielit.gov.in/sites/default/files/6.pdf
- https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantage-entering-mature-market-economy-76883.html
- https://www.controleng.com/articles/cloud-based-software-solutions-for-industrial-applications/
- https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/lsh-Dataloggers-vs-chart-recorders.pdf
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition-system
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3274063/
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299616800_Big_Data_Acquisition
- https://test.electronicsforu.com/new-data-acquisition-systems/
Appendix
- PC – Personal Computer
- DAQ – Data Acquisition
- ADC – Analogue-to-Digital conversion
- USD – US Dollar
- DMM – digital MultiMeter
- M&A – Mergers & Acquisitions
- HMI – Human Machine Interface
- PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
- RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
- OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer
- R&D – Research and development
- USB – Universal Serial Bus
- CAGR – Compounded Annual Growth Rate
- SaaS – Software-as-a-Service
- OPEX – Operational Expense
- IIOT – Industrial Internet of Things
