Indonesia’s digital health revenue is expected to reach $973 million by 2023, showing dramatic CAGR growth of 60%. Like the case of many other industries AI is the epitome of digitalising healthcare in Indonesia. AI translates a win-win situation for both the patients and the healthcare providers as it helps to address the health concerns of 293 million population spread across 17000 islands and take Indonesia closer to its aim of becoming an innovation centred economy.
- Definition / Scope
- Market Overview
- Key Metrics
- Market Risks
- Market Drivers
- Market Restraints
- Industry Challenges
- Technology Trends
- Other Key Market Trends
- Market Size and Forecast
- Market Outlook
- Technology Roadmap
- Competitive Landscape
- Competitive Factors
- Key Market Players
- Strategic Conclusion
- References
Definition / Scope
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines to exhibit human-like intelligence without extensive human assistance. AI leverages data for drawing patterns to learn to perform tasks, synthesize information, draw conclusion as well as forecast the future.
AI is getting traction in the field of healthcare, its tentacles spreading from hospital care to clinical research, drug testing and development as well health insurance, AI applications are transforming how the health sector function by reducing cost and improving patient experience. McKinsey projects AI in healthcare could result in potential annual savings of $269.4 billion and help address 20% of unmet clinical demand.
According to a research by EDBI and Kearney, regardless of the fact that the adoption of AI across Asia-pacific is still in early stage, this region is still an important destination as per 70% of AI investors, providers and users. In Asia-Pacific, AI is expected to boost the region’s GDP by almost $13 trillion in a span of a decade.
As per a study by Kearney, South Asia’s top five sectors that will benefit from the AI development include manufacturing, retail and hospitality, agriculture, government, safety/security, smart cities and healthcare. Based on region, Asia-Pacific claims the highest growth of AI in healthcare with a CAGR of 42% during the forecast period of 2020-2028.
government initiatives – Universal Health Care (UHC) and national AI strategy which has placed health service in the five priority sectors all against the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic.
In Indonesia, Artificial Intelligence is gaining traction in field of health care. Currently, AI is considered as a key resource in the country’s ambition to fight against pandemic. In 2021, AI is playing a critical role in pandemic detection, vaccine development, thermal screening, facial recognition with masks, and analysing CT scans.
AI is fundamental not only for disease prevention and recovery, but also for making healthcare services accessible, deal with doctor/ health care professionals’ shortages, and confront the peril and management of infectious diseases like Covid 19. While financial services and retail were the early adopters of AI in Indonesia, AI has been a catalyst to transform healthcare sector as of the constraints lead by the Covid pandemic.
Market Overview
Although Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia, the country lags behind its neighbors like Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand in terms of improvement in their GDP backed up by their AI drive. According to a report by Accenture, Artificial Intelligence could enhance the Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand’s s GDP by 18%, 14% and 13% by 2030.
In this regard, the government of Indonesia has committed a national AI strategy for the period of 2020 to 2045, targeting research and education, health services, food security, mobility, smart cities and public sector reform. This strategy is expected to improve the country’s GDP by 12%, amounting to $366 billion in the next decade and transform Indonesia into a Fourth Industrial Revolution economy.
Regardless of the rapid urbanisation and smart city initiatives initiated in Indonesia which certainly suggest growth and commercial advancements. However, improving overall health outcomes is a prerequisite for realizing more rounded and equal growth.
In Indonesia, Artificial intelligence is seen as fundamental driver to respond to health services challenges induced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Home to 268 million people across 6,000 habitable islands, delivering a reliable healthcare service is a national challenge for Indonesia. In particular, the archipelago stretch holds high risks in relation to disease outbreaks such as SARS and, currently, Covid-19. To respond to the pandemic induced health care constraints, Indonesia has accelerated its plans for smart hospitals and health security infrastructure.
Key market metrics
| Base Year | 2020 |
| Market Stage | Growth |
| Market Revenues (2020-2023, USD) | $973 million |
| Market Growth Rate (2020-2023, %) | 40-60% |
| Number of AI start-ups in healthcare | 74 |
| Market Concentration (% of market share help by top 3 market players) | – |
Top Market Opportunities
Market size
Indonesia ranks 16th as the world’s largest economy bearing a GDP of $1.4 trillion. It also has an expanding middle class, rising incomes and an increase in chronic diseases due to lifestyle changes, all of which will drive demand and spending for healthcare services.
The World Bank confers that Indonesia’s growth in income is corelated with the growth in total health expenditure and decrease in daily expenses. It houses a huge population of 263 million, out of which 41.8% are technologically savvy young people. Also, 64.8% of the population are active internet users and holds a promising prospect for the progress and adoption of AI in healthcare in the country.
Young and technologically savvy population
Indonesia appears to be a promising land for the emerging AI companies as it withholds a young, technology-savvy population. Indonesia boasts one of the youngest median ages in the world- 30 years, with a literacy rate of nearly 95% and a strategic geographical location close to Singapore could help Indonesia emulate its neighbors successful AI story back home.
As a result, the working-age population is expected to reach 68% of the population by 2030. Also, out of 264 million population, 193 million own a smartphone and on average they spend over 5 hours per day on their phones. All of which confers that Indonesia is ready for the next AI wave.
Covid restrictions
As stated in a Deloitte study, Indonesia is the 17th most at-risk economy based on the country’s medical and non-medical factors, including risk of infection, hospitalization, death and health conditions, as well as the economy’s risk of negative economic, quality-of-life, and geopolitical issues forced by the pandemic.
Subsequently, with the advent of lockdown restrictions, Indonesian population appears to be switching to digital services and platforms to address their health concerns. Since March 2020, Alodoker, a local healthcare app, registered more than 30 million active users, garnering 50% higher traffic relative to pre-covid situation. Another telemedicine app, Halodoc, as well as ride-haling platform, GoJek, partnered with the Ministry of Health to provide COVID-19 diagnostics in remote areas.
Medical Tourism
A report by Oliver Wyman disclosed that, annually more than 600,000 Indonesian people prefer to visit neighbors like Singapore for medical treatment. This trend has grown at an annual rate of over 10% since 2006 and now nearly more than 1.2 million Indonesians spend more than $2 billion annually on healthcare overseas. This is a key opportunity for the private investment in digital health and entrust in the capabilities of AI in healthcare to meet the high-end healthcare needs locally, particularly in light of travel restrictions imposed in response to Covid-19. Therefore, investing in telehealth, telemedicine and developing broader applications like medical databases based on AI that requires little human exchange is the need of the hour.
Lack of physical health infrastructures and medical professionals
Indonesia ranks fourth in the world in terms of the largest number of unimmunized children. Despite the increase of comprehensive vaccination coverage from 52% to 70%, outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases often occur repeatedly. In 2020, amongst the ASEAN countries Indonesia has the lowest rate in health infrastructure. The country has all together 2,925 hospitals with just over 318,000 beds, implying 1.17 beds per thousand population.
Besides this, Indonesia has one of the lowest healthcare spending in Southeast Asia with just over 3% of its GDP. With large populations but not enough doctors and specialists Indonesia have the most to gain from the advancements of AI in healthcare. The AI driven IBM’s Watson could be of utilized in Indonesia, which in 2019 had 41 radiation oncologists for its 250 million people and suffered almost 200,000 deaths from cancer. Therefore, the digital platforms powered by AI could enable medical practitioners to better serve the population spread across archipelago.
Medical technology
Indonesia also holds immense AI opportunities in the areas of surgical equipment, high intensity focused ultrasound, radio immunotherapy and clinical laboratory equipment used for diagnostic tests, particularly for molecular diagnostics, microbiology, and immunochemistry testing and genetics testing. There is expanding market for medical devices and laboratory equipment, which is forecasted to exceed $1.9 billion by 2024, despite 90% of devices is being imported.
Flourishing AI start-ups in healthcare
As of September 2020, Indonesia is home to approximately 4155 start-ups out of which 197 are healthcare start-ups and 74 deal with AI. Haodoc, a teleconsultation platform allows users to connect with general physicians and specialists for their treatments. This platform was adopted by over 5% of Indonesian doctors in less than a month after the pandemic hit the nation.
Indonesia 4.0
Indonesia aims to leverage the power of AI to spearhead the several governments sponsored health initiatives. For instance, Indonesian government aims to tackle its struggles to contain poor nutrition among infants and operationalize the government services digitally through investments by countries like Japan, China, Korea in AI, robotics, automation activities. This initiative is likely to boost GDP by 1-2% in the next five years to an already impressive and consistent GDP growth rate of 5% over the years.
Market Drivers
Indonesia’s National AI strategy
In 2020, Indonesian government launched a national AI drive aiming to improve five priority areas including the health services. The government plans to implement the AI primarily in the areas of diagnostics, personalized treatment, early identification of potential pandemics and imaging diagnostics, among others.
Pharmaceutical Industry
Indonesia’s pharmaceutical industry has experienced annual growth between 10-13%, boosted from the rollout of national health insurance. The policy recorded ASEAN largest sales of more than $9 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach $10 billion by 2021.
With the gradual economic recovery plans in place especially in regard to health sector, artificial Intelligence can be rolled out in the context of drug discovery and development which is projected to grow at a 31.59% CAGR during the forecast period 2021-2027. In line with its national AI strategy in healthcare, the government plans to stage AI in predictive and personalized genome mapping in 2021.
Demand for healthcare
Indonesia counts only 321,544 hospital beds which translates into about 1.2 hospital beds per 1,000 population and the ratio of physicians to population stands at only 0.38 physicians per 1,000 population. This translates that there is shortage of hospitals and medical professionals to handle the overwhelming health concerns of the public. In 2021, Indonesia’s health spending is likely to be around 5-6% of its GDP nearly double of what it was back in 2017.
Substantial IT growth
The Indonesian market is driven by significant progress made in the IT space. Increasing digitalization in health care services makes AI an indispensable force. The development of AI is one of five focus areas of Indonesia to become an innovation centered economy. Indonesia is the fastest growing internet economy in the world with the growth rate of 40%. Also, Indonesia’s investment in health innovation has surged dramatically from $1.6 billion in 2020 to $19.6 billion in 2018 which appears to only scale higher over the years. As a result, the digital health revenue is forecasted to increase 60% in a span of five years and reach $973 million by 2022.
Digital health
Digital health is gaining momentum in Indonesia as of the country’s sizeable youth population accounting for 42% switching to digital health care solutions. Digital health in Indonesia powered by AI has the potential to improve Indonesia’s traditional healthcare ecosystem particularly related to:
- access to healthcare
- healthcare standards and quality
- healthcare expenditure
- the efficiency of the healthcare system
- the patient experiences
The Indonesian digital health sector is leveraging the benefits of growing internet connectivity to counter the problems associated with healthcare delivery across the nation. Consumers using virtual visits surged from 15% to 19% from 2019 to early 2020 and accelerated to 28% in April 2020. The number is not likely to slow down considering the second wave of the pandemic.
Covid 19
The Covid 19 pandemic has created an urgent need for virtual and digital capabilities in healthcare. Primarily it was used for automating manual processes; however, the pandemic has propelled the use of AI to solve complex clinical and non-clinical problems. The Indonesian digital health sector is leveraging the benefits of growing internet connectivity to counter the problems associated with healthcare delivery across the nation. Consumers using virtual visits surged from 15% to 19% from 2019 to early 2020 and accelerated to 28% in April 2020. The number is not likely to slow down considering the second wave of the pandemic.
Market Restraints
Unavailability of consolidated medical data
There is not enough consolidated data to support the use of AI artificial intelligence in the country. Hospitals have data, but often in the form of paper records and individuals have little incentive to share it. It requires serious upheaval in the data management companies in the use AI in healthcare and medical research. Nevertheless, many global cloud providers like Alicloud, Google cloud, Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure have already set their sights to set up infrastructure into the country to enable high-tech computing to unleash the potential of AI in data processing and management.
Lack of advanced infrastructure and talents that make use of them
Although, urban cities in Indonesia have access to internet, however, in rural and eastern regions of the country still have issues with the quality of the internet connectivity and data connectivity. This highlights the fact that Indonesia is still far behind in terms of developing advanced infrastructure which is fundamental to curate AI algorithms and computing capabilities through large pool of unstructured data. These data need to be curated and should be performed by supercomputers and should be operated by experienced professionals to model and navigate through these unprecedented data.
No official AI management center
There is no official agency to oversee AI development and regulation in Indonesia. In this regard, a data ethics board could be set up to oversee the national standards for AI development and management. This type of agency could help monitor the digital activities, provide direction and meet challenges to achieve AI powered digital transformation in the country.
Social adoption
The mistrust and discomfort surround with each new innovation, so is the case of AI in healthcare. Patients are often skeptical of the use of AI in their treatments and are of the opinion that robots and AI are replacing the doctors and medical staff rather than enabling them to do their job better. So, social adoption is one of the key challenges in Indonesia especially in the rural regions.
Industry Challenges
Emerging and intricate health care system
Indonesia has an assorted model of private and public health delivery system often making the healthcare delivery complex. The public healthcare mostly remains decentralized, with 65% of public-health spending happening at the district level. Indonesia is still dependent on its nearly 10,000 community healthcare centers to deliver primary-healthcare services to its population.
For more serious healthcare concerns, care is delivered mostly through public and private hospitals, with low penetration of non-hospital specialist clinics, pathology or radiology networks, rehabilitation or aged care services. The affluent citizens choose Singapore or other neighboring countries to meet their health needs. However, there is enduring challenge in the delivery of services to a massive and fragmented population spread over 17,000 islands and the increasing cases of non-communicable disease. Now more than ever, both Indonesian individuals and government are switching to digital health solutions for their healthcare needs.
Coordination among the ministries
Indonesia has a history of weak coordination amongst the political ministries of government. Although many acts like Job creation Act and Personal Data Protection Bill (PDP) would attract investment and talent into the region, implementing them is likely to be a key challenge due to weak coordination. Responsibilities are spread across different ministries such public data is overseen by the planning ministry whereas e-government is handled by ministry of bureaucratic reform and still other internet broadband and government cloud is handled by Kominto. There are conflicting agencies involved and is prone to fragmented approach of policy development, therefore, proper coordination amongst them appears to be key challenge.
Technology Trends
Artificial Intelligence in healthcare
AI has been instrumental in healthcare research by filtering information out of the vast pool of data from papers and reports. The information then derived is helping doctors to make informed decision when choosing new treatments as well as help serve them remotely as of the pandemic restrictions. According to the Global Market Insights, medical imaging and diagnosis powered by AI should witness more than 40% growth to surpass $2.5 billion by 2024. AI implements cognitive technology to unwind piles of medical records and perform power diagnosis.
AI in early detection
AI based wearable health trackers -like those from FitBit, Garmin and others- monitors heart rate end activity levels to prevent heart attacks. These wearables also provide the much-needed data, as they move from the wellness sector to real-time patient monitoring. Some examples include patches that monitor for cancer, UV exposure sensors, and baby monitoring socks that track oxygen levels, heart rate and sleep. Combined with human expertise, AI could help unleash an insight-driven healthcare system.
AI in medical assistance
Virtual nurses help to monitor patient’s condition and follow up with treatments, between doctor visits. Virtual nursing assistants, corresponds to the maximum near-term value of $20 billion by 2027.
AI aids healthcare professionals in decision making
AI based surgical robots and software are enabling doctors as well as healthcare workers in reducing case to case variations and improving diagnostic process and treatment with greater speed and accuracy. VoxellMorph is a convolutional neural network, took only seconds to perform MRI analysis, whereas, the same analysis took over 2 hours for a conventional MRI analysis program.
Telehealth
Telehealth sector thrived in the pandemic era. Telehealth platforms are getting popular amongst both the patients and the medical practitioners alike. Telehealth’s growth appears likely to continue even after the pandemic is over. This boom in telehealth seems likely to exceed $185.6 billion by 2026.
Regulatory Trends
The Indonesian government has amended regulations in the healthcare sector to attract foreign investment into the country. With this, the government plans to encourage foreign and local companies’ partnership especially in the spectrum of AI. Some of the key amendments are listed below:
| Business Activity | Previous Parameter | New Investment List |
| Pharmaceutical Manufacturing | 85% maximum foreign ownership | Open for 100% foreign ownership |
| Pharmaceutical Wholesaler | Closed for foreign ownership | Open for 100% foreign ownership |
| Raw Pharmaceutical Wholesaler | Closed for foreign ownership | Open for 100% foreign ownership |
| Hospitals | 67% foreign ownership (70% for ASEAN investors) | Open for 100% foreign ownership |
| Medical Devices Distributor | Maximum 49% foreign ownership | Open for 100% foreign ownership |
| Medical Devices Testing | Maximum 67% foreign ownership | Open for 100% foreign ownership |
Besides this, the personal data protection bill which sets the standards for data commercialization as well as Omnibus Law aiming to attract global AI talent into Indonesia also provides the foundation for building a digital economy
Other Key Market Trends
Data Privacy
Data privacy is a crucial issue in health technology, especially with regards compliance. In 2020, there was provision that countries in southeast Asia needs to comply with the HIPAA standards regarding the patient data use and privacy. Healthcare Data storage market is expected to be worth over 8 billion by 2025 with a growth rate of CAGR of 15.4%. With the dawn of digital health platforms, the credibility of the health companies will be strongly dependent on their ability to protect the data.
Market Size and Forecast
A PwC research projects that by 2030, AI will contribute up to $15.7 trillion to the global economy and the greatest impact of AI will be in the field of healthcare. During the forecast period of 2020-2026, the global artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector is projected grow at CAGR of 44.9% from $4.9 billion in 2020 and reach $45.2 billion by 2026.
The Government of Indonesia aims to strengthen primary healthcare as part of its long-term national strategy. Considering this, Artificial Intelligence is a key resource for digitalizing and transforming healthcare services in areas such as care delivery and patient experience and in precision medicine. As per a survey by International Data Corporation, the Indonesian firms had the highest rates of AI adoption in Southeast Asia with 24.6% of companies integrated AI into their operations. In view of this fact, Indonesia’s digital health revenue is expected to reach $973 million by 2023, showing dramatic CAGR growth of 60%.
By 2020, Asia Pacific’s market for MedTech is expected to reach $133 billion. Indonesia is adopting AI to develop online health care and Medtech ecosystem in a bid to offer equal access to healthcare across the country. By 2025, it is estimated that medical expenditure in six major Southeast Asia countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam – are expected to reach $740 billion.
In 2019, the Indonesian healthcare providers sector had total revenues of $39.8 billion 2019, with in CAGR of 9.2% between 2015 and 2019. The outpatient care was the health sector’s most profitable segment in 2019, resulting in total revenues of $14.3 billion, equivalent to 36% of the sector’s overall value.
According to a research published by Universities Indonesia (UI) Indonesia needs an estimated annual investment of $10.2-$16.4 billion in health infrastructure to achieve adequate capacity levels by 2030. This signifies a 20 to 30% increase in existing spending levels.
AI research in medicine is growing rapidly. In 2020, healthcare AI projects attracted more investment than in any other sector of the global economy. This progress is due to a wide variety of causes, starting with an ever-increasing adoption of big-data solutions and the need for technological solutions to adapt healthcare to crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
Finally, AI plays a critical role in the fight against Covid-19, including areas like pandemic detection, vaccine development, thermal screening, facial recognition with masks, and analysing CT scans. Covid-19 tops the Indonesian health priorities and will likely to do so in the foreseeable future. This pandemic brought AI to the forefront to respond to the disease, track the virus and estimate the covid risk with severe symptoms for more effective treatment.
Market Outlook
By 2026, Accenture estimates the most promising AI healthcare application will be in Robot-assisted surgery accounting for $40 billion annual benefit with the help of AI. Followed by virtual nursing assistants ($20 billion), administrative workflow assistance ($18 billion), fraud detection ($17 billion), dosage error detection ($16 billion), connected machines ($14 billion), clinical trial participant identifier ($13 billion), preliminary diagnosis ($5 billion), automated image diagnosis ($3 billion) and least AI impact in healthcare application will be in cybersecurity.
Telemedicine is also seen as an effective solution to manage and deliver healthcare services amid the disruption triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic. MIT Technology Review advocates that by 2023, 7% of Indonesian healthcare roles will be automated and 13% will be augmented by Artificial Intelligence. In this regard, an Indonesian telehealth platform called as Halodoc, which leveraged AI was adopted by over 5% of Indonesian doctors in less than a month after the pandemic hit the nation. This platform used information from thousands of doctor consultations to provide feedback on improving patient care
Competitive Landscape
Key Market Players
In Indonesia, AI powered healthcare players have just started to get traction in the year 2020, with the launch of the national AI strategy as well as the Covid-19 crisis. Some of the key players in 2020 include:
Halodoc
Established in 2016 with a funding of $100 million, Halodoc is a teleconsultation start-up that allows users to connect with general physicians and specialists for their treatments. It also helps in scheduling an appointment for multiple health disorders. The use of AI helped the company improve their app rating from 4.5 to 4.8 stars within six months as well as improve doctor’s rating by 64%.
Alodokter
Founded in the 2014 with a funding of $52 million, Alodokter is an online start-up platform to book appointments of doctors with list of doctor profiles with pricing.
MeetDoctor
Meetdoctor is a telemedicine service and health information start-up established in 2011 with a funding of $4.8 million which offers online consultation, medical articles and healthcare directory. They are aiming to initiate telemedicine services through video chat in Indonesia.
Strategic Conclusion
Indonesia’s digital economy has already attracted international attention with 4 unicorn start-ups valued at over $1 billion and Decacorn worth over $10 billion. The future looks set to be even more promising for the country’s burgeoning tech segment. In this regard, AI is viewed as a pragmatic solution for the healthcare system to solve the impeding challenges endorsed by the Covid 19 pandemic.
References
- https://techwireasia.com/2020/10/ai-to-be-a-us366b-industry-in-indonesia-by-2030/
- https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-id/digital-health-solutions/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare
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Appendix
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| APAC | Asia-Pacific |
| ASEAN | The Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| US | United States |
| CAGR | Compound Annual Growth Rate |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| PDP | Personal Data Protection Bill |
